Pediatric Ophthalmology is a subspecialty of ophthalmology dealing with eye problems in children. Clear vision plays an important role in the mental, physical, and social development of children. Amblyopia, or “lazy eye,” is a common eye problem in children. The problem occurs when the pathways of vision in the brain don’t develop properly. The human visual system develops as the brain matures; this is a process that takes about ten years. It is important to diagnose and treat amblyopia at an early age. If not caught early enough, children with amblyopia have a risk of permanent vision loss.